Introduction


In the past decade various activities have been conducted related to 3D Cadastres. The start of the international awareness of this topic was marked by the first Workshop on 3D Cadastres (sponsored by FIG commissions 3 and 7), organized by Delft University of Technology in November 2001. This was followed by virtually a session at every FIG working week and congress afterwards (stimulated by the 2002-2006 FIG working group on 3D Cadastres). Within cadastral organizations this was paralleled by on-going developments at Cadastral organizations in many countries to provide better 3D-support. The increasing complexity of infrastructures and densely built-up areas requires a proper registration of the legal status (private and public), which only can be provided to a limited extent by the existing 2D cadastral registrations. Despite all research and progress in practise, no country in the world has a true 3D Cadastre, the functionality is always limited in some manner; e.g. only registering of volumetric parcels in the public registers, but not included in a 3D cadastral map, or limited to a specific type of object with ad hoc semi-3D solutions; e.g. for buildings or infrastructure. At the FIG Congress in April 2010 in Sydney it was decided to form again a working group on 3D Cadastres in order to make further progress with the subject. The registration of the legal status in complex 3D situations will be investigated under the header of 3D Cadastres. Starting point of the working group is the observation that increasingly information is required on rights, use and value in complex spatial and/or legal situations.

At the FIG Congress in September 2022 in Warsaw is was decided to link to ISO TC211 and OGC and to add LADM (Land Administration Domain Model)to the scope of the working group and use a new name: LADM/3D LA (Land Administration Domain Model/3D Land Administration). This is reflecting the broader scope, now also including, marine georegulation, valuation information and spatial plan information (all needing 3D represengations of the legal spaces). The context of the FIG LADM/3D LA Working Group is now defined by ISO 19152 (and its succesoors, now under development) Land Administration Domain Model.

Key Publications

Book Research and Development Progress in 3D Cadastral Systems, Peter van Oosterom, Efi Dimopoulou (editors), MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 302, October 2019, Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in International Journal of Geo-Information, ISBN 978-3-03921-056-5 (Pbk); ISBN 978-3-03921-057-2 (PDF)

FIG Publication Best Practices 3D Cadastres - Extended version, Editor: Peter van Oosterom, International Federation of Surveyors, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 258, March 2018 (ISBN 978-87-92853-64-6, ISSN: 2311-8423), Mongolian version (update January 2025)

FIG Publication 72 Best Practices 3D Cadastres, Editor: Peter van Oosterom, International Federation of Surveyors, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 78, November 2018 (ISBN 978-87-92853-83-7 /ISSN 1018-6530 printed, ISBN 978-87-92853-84-4 / ISSN 2311-8423 pdf)

Future FIG publication LADM in the Classroom, Christiaan Lemmen, Malumbo Chipofya, Andre da Silva Mano, Peter van Oosterom, Eva-Maria Unger, Eftychia Kalogianni, Abdullah Kara, Javier Morales Guarin, Anthony Beck, Rohan Bennett, Paula Dijkstra, and Jaap Zevenbergen, Draft final version, November 2023.